Guides for shippers who want the real mechanics.
Incoterms, classification, drawback, and the charges that spiral. Written like a freight person teaching, not marketing copy.
Incoterms 2020: what each term actually allocates
What the 11 Incoterms actually assign between buyer and seller, the EXW and DDP traps, and why FOB is the wrong term for most container freight.
HS and HTSUS classification, a plain-language primer
How the Harmonized System actually works: the 6-digit international code versus the 10-digit US number, the General Rules of Interpretation, and what a wrong code costs.
US duty drawback, explained for importers who have never filed
What duty drawback actually refunds, the three main claim types, the 5-year filing window, and the records that make a claim provable years later.
Demurrage and detention: two different clocks, one expensive bill
The real difference between demurrage and detention, where each clock starts and stops, why the charges spiral, and the practical levers that keep them under control.